Bimetallic composite plates are innovative materials formed by combining two or more different metals through composite processes (such as explosive cladding, roll bonding, explosive-roll bonding, etc.), integrating the properties of different metals. Their core advantages are as follows:
1. Excellent Comprehensive Performance and Strong Design Flexibility
Complementary Mechanical Properties
The base metal (e.g., carbon steel, stainless steel) provides strength and rigidity, while the cladding metal (e.g., stainless steel, copper, nickel, titanium) imparts corrosion resistance, wear resistance, or special physical properties (e.g., thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity).
Example: Stainless steel-carbon steel composite plates retain the high strength of carbon steel while achieving corrosion resistance through the stainless steel cladding, suitable for chemical containers.
Synergistic Physicochemical Properties
They can combine properties such as high/low temperature resistance, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity.
Example: Copper-steel composite plates integrate copper’s high electrical conductivity with steel’s structural strength, used in grounding electrodes or conductive components in the power industry.
2. Significant Cost Reduction
Reduced Consumption of Precious Metals
The cladding requires only 0.5–3mm of precious metal (e.g., stainless steel, titanium, nickel), while the base uses common metals (e.g., carbon steel), reducing material costs by 30%–70% compared to pure precious metals.
Example: Titanium-steel composite plates for marine engineering require only 1–2mm of titanium cladding, significantly cutting costs.
Extended Service Life and Lower Maintenance Costs
The cladding resists corrosion or wear, while the base ensures structural stability, reducing replacement or maintenance frequency due to single-material performance limitations.
3. Good Processability and Convenient Machining
Strong Weldability
Through reasonable welding process design (e.g., selecting matching electrodes, controlling heat input), reliable bonding between the base and cladding can be achieved, meeting requirements for structural strength and corrosion resistance.
Flexible Forming and Machining
Can undergo conventional processing such as cutting, bending, stamping, and rolling, suitable for manufacturing complex components.
Example: Explosive-clad stainless steel-steel composite plates can be rolled into storage tank cylinders for the petrochemical industry.
High Dimensional Stability
Composite processes eliminate interfacial stress, making the plates less prone to deformation and suitable for high-precision equipment manufacturing.
4. Outstanding Corrosion Resistance and Environmental Adaptability
Tight Composite Interface Bonding
Explosive cladding or roll bonding forms a metallurgical bonding interface (bond strength ≥210MPa), effectively blocking corrosion medium penetration and avoiding electrochemical corrosion.
Adaptability to Complex Corrosive Environments
Cladding materials can be selected based on working conditions:
Severe corrosion environments: Titanium or nickel-based alloy cladding (e.g., chemical reaction kettles);
Seawater corrosion environments: Stainless steel or copper alloy cladding (e.g., offshore platform structures);
High-temperature oxidation environments: Heat-resistant steel or nickel-chromium alloy cladding (e.g., heat treatment equipment).
5. Energy Saving, Environmental Protection, and Sustainable Development
High Material Utilization
Reduces consumption of precious metals, aligning with the concept of resource conservation.
Lightweight Advantage
Compared to pure precious metal components, bimetallic composite plates are lighter (e.g., stainless steel-steel composite plates are 30%–50% lighter than pure stainless steel plates), reducing transportation and installation energy consumption.
6. Wide Range of Applications
Bimetallic composite plates have replaced single-metal materials in multiple industries:
Industry Typical Applications
Petroleum & Chemical Reaction kettles, storage tanks, pipelines (stainless steel-steel, nickel-steel composites)
Marine Engineering Ship hulls, seawater treatment equipment (copper-steel, titanium-steel composites)
Power Industry Generator stators, grounding devices (copper-steel composites)
Metallurgy & Machinery Rollers, wear-resistant linings (stainless steel-cast iron, high-chromium steel-carbon steel composites)
Food & Pharmaceutical Aseptic equipment, containers (stainless steel-aluminum composites, combining corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity)
Conclusion
Bimetallic composite plates address the limitations of single metals in strength, corrosion resistance, and economy through the design philosophy of "performance complementarity and cost optimization," serving as a key choice for efficient, energy-saving, and low-cost material solutions in modern industry. Their technical challenge lies in controlling interface bonding quality, requiring appropriate composite processes based on application scenarios (e.g., explosive cladding for thick plates, roll bonding for large-area thin plates).
英语
西班牙语
俄语
阿拉伯语